Everything is done with a single 8-pin microcontroller and it reduces the chip-count and component-count to a minimum.
That's the advantage of a micro.
It can be programmed to monitor 4 inputs and produce a tone and wailing siren when an intrusion is detected. It also has all the "timing delays" and remembers which sector was detected.
This is the cheapest kit on the market and has some interesting features, never seen in an alarm.
The siren is activated when a door is opened or an item is touched and it starts very softly so that if it is a false alarm, you have time to reset the siren.
Most people hate turning on a house alarm as a false alarm is very frustrating and embarrassing. This design avoids that.
The second feature is the tamper switches.
Two of the inputs can be taken to items that are used as "bait" for the burglar. One of them can be money on a table. A small amount of money is left under a clip. When it is removed, the contacts touch each other and set-off the alarm.
The other "trap" is a drawer that is never used. When it is opened, it sets off the alarm.
Another feature is the 4 PIEZO SIRENS. This is an "add-on" future. The circuit contains one siren output. You can parallel 3 more driver circuits to get the 4 PIEZO SIRENS feature.
If you mount 4 x 80dB piezo sirens on the ceiling of a room, the sound is so deafening and disturbing that you cannot remain in the room. There is a phenomenon called "fringing" and the sound from each siren creates a "beat" of low frequency as well as the high-pitched sound. This is so annoying.
Because the burglar cannot hear if someone is approaching, he leaves immediately.
| INSTRUCTIONS FOR USEThe 4 inputs must be CLOSED via the 4 test switches provided in the kit. Turn the ALARM on. The two "ON" LEDs will illuminate as well as one of the INDICATOR LEDs. If the first indicator LED flashes once, the alarm will produce CONSTANT WAILING If the second indicator LED flashes 4 times, the alarm will wail for 5 minutes. To change the wailing, turn alarm OFF and push button A. Turn alarm ON and wait for indicator LED to flash either once or 4 times. Wait to hear the beeps and turn the alarm off. Turn alarm ON and the other indicator LED will flash. The exit piezo will now beep-beep-beep for 45 seconds to allow you to exit the premises. None of the sensors will activate the alarm during this time. After 45 seconds, open one of the switches and the Piezo Siren will beep-beep-beep for 10 seconds then wail for 5 minutes or constantly. The alarm is now ready for installation. |
The CIRCUITThe circuit is very simple. All the work is done by the micro.
The micro is designed to work on 5v and the supply to it must not be more than 5.6v.
The alarm is supplied from a 12v battery and a very clever voltage-dropping arrangement has been provided to delver a maximum of 5v6 to the micro.
This is the section of the circuit that will be taking current when the project is turned ON. That's why we have taken special care to keep the current very low, so the circuit can operate on a rechargeable battery or even two lantern batteries.
The supply contains two high-brightness LEDs to drop the 12v supply by 1.7v for each LED. This delivers 12.6v - 1.7v - 1.7v = 9.2v to the right end of the 1k5 resistor. The left side is a maximum of 5v6 and the difference is 3.6v. This produces a current of 2.4mA.
This current is available for the micro.
When the micro is in the "detection mode" is takes less than 1mA and the remainder of the current flows though the 5v6 zener.
When one of the indicator LEDs is flashing, or button A is pressed, or the piezo buzzer is sounding, or the piezo siren is active, the 5v section takes more than 1mA and can take up to 2.4mA. At this point the circuit takes all the current that is available via the 1k5 resistor and the voltage drops to 5.5v. This takes the zener out of conduction and the micro consumes all the current.
The flashing LEDs will take more than 2.4mA for a short period of time and the 100u electrolytic will deliver this extra current and charge during the "off time."
This arrangement takes the least current from the battery as a 78L05 requires 10mA and you would need to use a special low-current regulator to achieve what we have done.
The circuit has been designed around easy-to-obtain components.
There are two clever features that need describing.
The 4 inputs are monitored by turning on the 47k pull-up resistors inside the micro and this creates a voltage-divider between the external resistors and the internal 47k's.
The 1k resistor across the LEDs keeps the "bottom resistor" in the divider very low and prevents 1.7v developing across the LEDs as this would be detected as a HIGH (the chip detects anything above about 1v5 as a HIGH).
The 22n across switch A is charged by the program for a very short period of time then the pin is turned into an input to see if the capacitor is still charged. SwA will discharge the 22n very quickly if it is pushed.
This is the only way to detect if SwA is pressed. The internal 47k's cannot pull the input high enough to record a HIGH when the 10k is used as a base resistor.
The siren piezo has a transistor driver to produce maximum output and the buzzer piezo has a transistor driver and 10mH choke to increase the output. This allows you to use low-cost piezo diaphragms for both.
CONSTRUCTIONYou can build the circuit on matrix board or use the ALARM 4-ZONE Printed Circuit board included in the kit.
The kit of components comes with all the parts you need to get the project working, including a pre-programmed chip.
If you want to burn your own chip or modify the program, you will need a PICkit-2 programmer and this comes with 2 CD's containing all the software needed for In-Circuit Programming.
You will also need a lead (comes with PICkit-2) to connect the programmer to your lap top via the USB port and an adapter we call 6pin to 5 pin Adapter to connect the PICkit-2 to your project.
FITTING THE ALARM
The board comes with screw terminals for the 4 inputs and a set of terminals for the 12v supply as well as the leads to the piezo siren.
This makes it easy to install.
Simply build the circuit and mount it inside a cupboard where it will not be seen.
2 x 6v lantern batteries will last 3,000 hours (125 days) or a 12v gel cell will last 6 months. But the alarm is only active for a few hours each day and the battery-life will not be a problem.
Mount the siren piezo some distance from the alarm in a high location. It will be so loud that the burglar will leave the premises.
You can add a second siren piezo and mount it outside.
Any unused inputs need to have a "shorting link" added across the terminals of the unused input.
Cover the hole in the piezo to reduce the sound when initially testing the project.
The alarm will wail constantly if you have chosen the first flashing LED via the mini tactile switch "A." or it will only sound for 5 minutes if the middle LED is flashing.
PROGRAMMING THE CHIP
The kit comes with a pre-programmed PIC chip but if you want to program your own chip or modify the program, the .hex file is available as well as the assembly file, so you can see how the program has been written and view the comments for each line of code.
The PIC12F629 is one of the smallest micros in the range but you will be surprised how much can be achieved with such a tiny micro.
The program contains sub-routines to produce delays, sequences on the display and both read and write EEPROM; jobs that require accurate code - including a special sequence - called a handshaking sequence that prevents the EEPROM being written due to glitches.
Even a program as simple as this is not easy to put together and to assist in this area, we have provided a whole raft of support material.
Not only do we provide a number of programs with full documentation but our approach to programming is simple.
It involves a method of "copy and paste" whereby sub-routines are taken from previously written code and copied into your program. Any modifications are made in very small steps so that each can be tested before adding more code.
This is exactly how we produce a complex project. Each step is written and tested before adding the next step.
This saves a lot of frustration as it is very easy to add a line of code that is incorrect and get an unsuspected result.
If you follow our suggestions you will buy a programmer ("burner") called a PICkit-2 if you are using a laptop. It is the cheapest and best on the market and comes with a USB cable and 2 CD's containing the programs needed to "burn" the chip. If you are using a desk-top and/or tower with a serial port, you can use a cheaper programmer called MultiChip Programmerfrom Talking Electronics. You will also need NotePad2 to write your .asm program. This can be downloaded from Talking Electronics website. You will use Alarm4Zone.asmm orAlarm4Zone-asm.txt as a basis and it is best to change only a few lines at a time to see what effect is created. You will also need a 6 pin to 5 pin connector that fits between the burner and the project. This is also available on Talking Electronics website.
As we said before, this project is for medium-to-advanced programmers as it is very compact and does not have in-circuit programming pins.
To be able to modify the chip you will need a programming socket and this can be obtained from one of our other projects that contains the 5 pins for in-circuit programming. Or you can build a programming socket by adding a socket to a surface-mount PC board and solder 5 pins to one edge and connect the socket to the pins.
You can then put the chip into the socket and program it.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGEThere are a number of kits, programs and courses on the market that claim and suggest they teach PIC Programming.
Most of these modules and courses use a PIC microcontroller as the chip carrying out the processes, but the actual programming is done by a proprietary language invented by the designer of the course.
Although these courses are wonderful to get you into "Programming Microcontrollers" they do not use any of the terms or codes that apply to the PIC microcontroller family.
All our projects use the 33 instructions that come with the PIC Microcontroller and these are very easy to learn.
We use the full capability of the micro and our pre-programmed chip is less than the cost of doing it any other way.
In addition, anything designed via our method can be instantly transferred to a PIC die and mass produced. And we use all the input pins and all the memory of the chip. The other approaches use less than 25% of the capability of the memory and one of the pins is not available.
In fact it would be difficult to reproduce this project via any of the opposition methods. It would require a larger chip and more expense.
You can use our method or the opposition. Just be aware that the two are not interchangeable.
Ours is classified as the lowest "form" (level) of programming - commonly called machine code - invented in the early days of microprocessors - and now called mnemonic programming as each line of code is made up of letters of a set of words. The opposition uses a higher level language where one instruction can carry out an operation similar to a sub-routine.
But you have to learn the "higher level language" in order to create a program. And this requires a fair amount of skill and capability.
It sounds great and it is a good idea. But if you want to learn PIC programming, it does not assist you. It is "a step removed" from learning PIC language. The other disadvantage of the opposition is the "overhead." The 1,000 spaces allocated for your program is filled with pre-written sub-routines. You may require only 10 of these sub-routines but ALL of them are loaded in the memory space. And they take up all the memory.
You have no room for your own program.
To get around this the opposition uses the 128 bytes in EEPROM to deliver instructions on how to apply the sub-routines. This provides about 30 powerful instructions using their language called BASIC (or a similar language).
It's a bit like selling a diary filled with all the paragraphs you need to express yourself, and leaving a few blank pages at the back for you to write single lines such as: see page 24, paragraph 7, see page 63 paragraph 4, to create your diary entries.
It depends on how much you want to be in charge of writing a program. Using our method is like writing your own auto-biography. Using the opposition is like getting a "ghost writer."
When using a higher level language to create a program, you have absolutely no idea how the code is generated for the micro.
In some of the developmental kits, the code is "locked away" and you are NEVER able to access it.
Everything runs smoothly until a fault appears. With our method you can see the code. With the other methods, you cannot see the code - it's like doing key-hole surgery without the advantage of an illuminated endoscope to see what you are doing.
Everything has its place and our method of hand-assembly is only suitable for very small micros and you will eventually need to "learn a high level language." The PIC12F629 has over 1,000 locations for code and this equates to more than 20 pages when printed, so this is about the limit to doing things by hand.
But our drive is to show how much can be done with the simplest devices on the market, at the lowest cost.
Anyone can show you high-technology at a high price but this is not where you start and this is not where you get enthusiasm.
We provide the things to get you started. That's the difference.
BURGLAR ALARM 4-ZONE
This circuit uses a dedicated alarm chip from Talking Electronics (TE555-BA4). The chip costs $2.50 and contains a 4-zone Burglar Alarm circuit. All you need are the surrounding components to complete the project. These components are available as a kit for $20.00 including the dedicated chip and this makes it one of the cheapest kits on the market (postage for kit $6.50). Click HERE to order the chip or the kit.
The only additional parts you require are 4 reed switches. These can be purchased on eBay for $5.38 for a set of 5 Normally Open switches (post free).
Here is the link:
http://www.ebay.com/itm/5-Set-Door-Or-Window-Safety-Contact-Magnetic-Alarm-Reed-Switch-NO-with-Screws-/290746194636?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item43b1d2dacc
Build the circuit on a piece of matrix board (or the Circuit Board included in the kit) and connect the inputs to the screw terminals. 6 separate 2-screw terminals are provided in the kit to make it easy to wire-up the alarm. The alarm takes about 1mA when monitoring a house and about 100mA when activated.
The siren is only activated ONCE for 5 minutes when a break-in occurs as this is the maximum allowable time for a siren to wail in Australia.
If you want the alarm to constantly wail after a break-in, push button A when the alarm is turned on (and the exit beep is being produced). The constantly wailing LED will flash. Push the button again and the 5 minute LED will flash. The button toggles between the two features.
You can use reed switches for the input devices for doors and drawers. You can also trap the burglar by placing money under a clip and have a very thin length of tinned copper wire wound around two pins. When the money is removed, the wire is pulled off the pins. A single strand of wire can be obtained from a length of hook-up flex.
POWER SUPPLY
The alarm can be connected to a 12v gell cell with a rating of 1.2AHr and it can be automatically charged using our Automatic Battery Charger in 101 Transistor Circuits. http://www.talkingelectronics.com/projects/200TrCcts/101-200TrCcts.html#84
HOW THE CIRCUIT WORKS
Any of the inputs can be used for the Entry/Exit.
It is connected to the door you will use to enter or exit the property. The alarm gives you 45 seconds to exit.
When you enter the property, the buzzer turns on as soon as you open the door and beeps for 45 seconds to allow you to turn off the alarm.
If the alarm is not turned off, the main piezo siren produces a soft tone for 30 seconds and then a piercing wailing sound.
Any unused inputs must be connected with a link so the alarm can be set.
When the circuit is turned ON, you have 45 seconds to exit the premises.
The chip then flashes either the 5-min LED or the Constant LED to indicate if the siren will wail for 5 minutes or constantly. You can change the setting by pressing the button. The circuit then beeps for 45 seconds to give you time to exit the property. It then monitors all 4 inputs.
Alarm 4-Zone PCB
The chip operates on 5v and the rest of the circuit uses 12v. A very simple voltage-dropper consisting of 2 LEDs and 1k5 drops the 12v to 5v.
TESTING
The project can now be tested by going through the INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE (above).
Here are the files you will need:
Alarm4Zone.asm
Alarm4Zone-asm.txtAlarm4Zone.hex
;************************************************************* ;;Alarm 4-Zone.asm ;************************************************************* ; Alarm4Zone.asm for PIC12F629 16-12-2013 ;; Alarm4Zone.asm for PIC12F629 6-1-2014 ; ; radix dec include "p12f629.inc" errorlevel -302 ; Don't complain about BANK 1 ;Registers during assembly __CONFIG _MCLRE_OFF & _CP_OFF & _WDT_OFF & _INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT ;Internal osc. STATUS equ 3 PC equ 2 #define CARRY STATUS,0 #define ZERO STATUS,2 ;Files: flags equ 20h ;flags file tempA equ 21h delA equ 22h delB equ 23h delC equ 24h dwell equ 25h steps equ 26h count equ 27h temp1 equ 28h loops equ 29h store equ 2Ah ;stores triggered input No loop30 equ 2Bh ;loops for 5 minute siren org 0 goto SetUp nop SetUp movlw 07h ;Set up W to turn off Comparator ports movwf CMCON ;must be placed in bank 0 goto Main ;************************** ;* Delays * ;************************** _1mS movlw .40 ;reduced to 40/255 of 1mS movwf delA decfsz delA,f goto $-1 retlw 00 ;240mS delay _240mS nop decfsz delA,1 goto $-2 decfsz delB,1 goto $-4 retlw 00 _500mS goto $+1 goto $+1 decfsz delA,1 goto $-3 decfsz delB,1 goto $-5 retlw 00 ;**************************** ;* Sub-routines * ;**************************** ;beep-beep-beep to siren for soft start beep movlw .50 movwf tempA bsf gpio,5 movlw .40 movwf delA nop decfsz delA,f goto $-2 bcf gpio,5 movlw .240 movwf delA goto $+1 decfsz delA,f goto $-2 decfsz tempA,f goto $-13 call _240mS retlw 00 ;Charge 22n Charge bsf status,rp0 ;Bank 1 movlw b'00101111' movwf trisio ;Make GP0,1,2,3,5 input GP4 output bcf status,rp0 ;bank 0 bsf gpio,4 call _1mS ;charge 22n bsf status,rp0 ;Bank 1 movlw b'00111111' movwf trisio ;Make GP0,1,2,3,5 input GP4 input bcf status,rp0 ;bank 0 bcf gpio,4 call _1mS ;time for swA to discharge 22n retlw 00 ;Indicate ;flash 1 time for constant wailing or 4 times for 5 minutes wailing Indicate bsf status,rp0 ;Bank 1 movlw b'00111001' movwf trisio ;Make GP1,2 output bcf status,rp0 ;bank 0 clrf gpio ;make outputs low to turn off LEDs, call read ;read 0 or 1 from EEPROM location 1 btfss temp1,0 goto Ind_1 bsf gpio,2 ;temp1 = 1 = contant siren call _500mS bcf gpio,2 call _500mS retlw 00 Ind_1 bsf gpio,1 ;temp1 = 0 = 5 minute siren call _500mS bcf gpio,1 call _500mS bsf gpio,1 call _500mS bcf gpio,1 call _500mS bsf gpio,1 call _500mS bcf gpio,1 call _500mS bsf gpio,1 call _500mS bcf gpio,1 call _500mS retlw 00 ;read takes the value 0 or 1 from EEPROM location 0 and puts in temp1 read movlw .0 bsf status,rp0 movwf EEADR bsf EECON1,0 ;starts EEPROM read operation result in EEDATA movf EEDATA,w ;move read data into w bcf status,rp0 movwf temp1 ;temp1 has the value 0 or 1 to flash a LED retlw 00 ;SIREN - WAILING SIREN Siren movlw 7 ;number of steps movwf steps Siren1 movlw 5 ;dwell movwf dwell bsf gpio,5 movf count,0 movwf tempA decfsz tempA,1 goto $-1 bcf gpio,5 movf count,0 movwf tempA goto $+1 goto $+1 goto $+1 decfsz tempA,1 goto $-4 decfsz dwell,1 ; goto $-14 movlw 5 subwf count,1 ; decfsz steps,1 ; goto Siren1 retlw 00 ;Siren Beeps for 10 seconds SirenBeep bsf status,rp0 ;Bank 1 movlw b'00011111' movwf trisio ;Make GP0,1,2,3,4 input GP5 output bcf status,rp0 ;bank 0 movlw .50 ;number of loops (cycles) movwf tempA SirenBeep1 bsf gpio,5 ;siren BD679 HIGH movlw .40 movwf delA nop decfsz delA,f goto $-2 bcf gpio,5 ;siren BD679 LOW for: 255 delA nop decfsz delA,f goto $-2 decfsz tempA,f goto SirenBeep1 call _240mS ;silence retlw 00 ;exit tone to piezo buzzer tone ;524Hz for 250mS bsf status,rp0 ;Bank 1 movlw b'00101111' movwf trisio ;Make GP0,1,2,3,5 input GP4 output bcf status,rp0 ;bank 0 movlw .50 ;number of loops (cycles) movwf tempA tone1 bsf gpio,4 ;buzzer BD679 HIGH movlw .40 movwf delA nop decfsz delA,f goto $-2 bcf gpio,4 ;buzzer BD679 LOW for: 255 delA nop decfsz delA,f goto $-2 decfsz tempA,f goto tone1 call _240mS ;silence retlw 00 write bsf status,rp0 ;select bank1 movwf EEDATA bcf status,rp0 ;select bank0 movlw .0 bsf status,rp0 ;select bank1 movwf EEADR bsf eecon1,wren ;enable write movlw 55h ;unlock codes movwf eecon2 movlw 0aah movwf eecon2 bsf eecon1,wr ;write begins bcf status,rp0 ;select bank0 writeA btfss pir1,eeif ;wait for write to complete goto writeA bcf pir1,eeif bsf status,rp0 ;select bank1 bcf eecon1,wren ;disable other writes bcf status,rp0 ;select bank0 retlw 00 ;**************************** ;* Main ;**************************** Main ;45 second exit with button A detect ;exit beep produced clrf store ;stores triggered input No movlw .180 ; 180 x 250mS = 45 seconds movwf loops call Indicate ;flash LED 4 times M1 call Charge btfsc gpio,4 ;is button A pressed? goto M2 ;not pressed call read ;0 or 1 will be in temp1 btfss temp1,0 goto $+4 clrf w call write goto M2 movlw 1 call write M2 call tone ;call exit tone decfsz loops,1 goto $-2 ;monitors 4 inputs Monitor bsf status,rp0 ;select bank1 movlw b'00101111' movwf trisio ;Make GP0,1,2,3,5 input GP4 output bcf 81h,7 ;turn on pulls-ups in option_reg movlw b'00000111' movwf 095h ;WPU register for GP0,1,2 bcf status,rp0 ;bank 0 btfsc gpio,0 goto Mon1 btfsc gpio,1 goto Mon1 btfsc gpio,2 goto Mon1 btfsc gpio,3 goto Mon1 goto Monitor Mon1 bsf status,rp0 ;select bank1 bcf trisio,5 ;Make GP5 output bcf status,rp0 ;bank 0 ;soft-start siren with beeps for 10 seconds movlw .40 movwf loops call SirenBeep decfsz loops,1 goto $-2 ;constant siren if temp1,0 = 1 ;5 minute siren if temp1,0 = 0 btfss temp1,0 goto Siren5min call Siren ;constant siren goto $-1 Siren5min movlw .30 ;30 loops movwf loop30 movlw .185 ;inner loop = 10 seconds movwf loops call Siren decfsz loops,1 goto $-2 decfsz loop30,1 goto $-6 goto $ ;************************************ ;*EEPROM * ;************************************ org 2100h de 00h END |
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